Morocco is tremendously dependent on its agricultural sector. Moroccan agricultural production consists mainly of potatoes, sugar beet, oranges, wheat, tomatoes, olives, and olive oil. The significance of agriculture sector in the economy of Morocco and other countries is measured as the worth added of the agricultural sector as percent of Gross domestic product (GDP). Agriculture includes hunting, forestry, and fishing, as well as the cultivation of crops & livestock production.
According to study, “Morocco Agriculture Market Trends, Statistics, Growth, and Forecasts” states that the new strategy calls for more struggles to ensure the supply of vital farm products. Agriculture sector of Morocco is categorized into three main sectors: First: private, modern, irrigated, highly capitalized, and export-oriented farms producing generally fruit & vegetables. Second: Agriculture within reorganized wide scale dam-irrigated perimeters producing mainly sugar crops, seeds, dairy, fruits and vegetables primarily for the local market. Third: Rain-fed agriculture with favorable land in the northwest (growing mainly olives, pulses, grains, red meat and dairy) and less favorable land in the south & east (growing mainly grains & non-intensive sheep production).
Moroccan agricultural methods remain generally customary with limited uses of production inputs such as pesticides, fertilizers, and mechanization. Grains account for more than 60% of agricultural production, and the area planted for wheat has expanded owing to increased government support. The prevalence of small farms, dense inherited land status, and rising land prices pose serious challenges to agricultural policy makers. Policy makers struggle with the opposing underlying principles of economies of scale & capitalization necessities essential to modernize the agriculture sector and desire for improving the poverty and maintaining the social structure of the traditional rural society.
The Morocco country is a net imported sector of agricultural & related products that generally consist of imports of bulk commodities and exports of high-value & consumer-oriented products. The European Union is country’s main trading partner, accounting for approximately 60% of country’s agricultural exports. Morocco imports of global agricultural, fishery, and forestry products while the U.S is the net exporter of agricultural & related products to Morocco, U.S. competitiveness has waned vis-à-vis augmented competition from the European Union and Black Sea countries in recent years. U.S. exports of bulk agricultural commodities (wheat) are also mainly impacted by the unstable nature of Morocco’s agricultural production from one year to the next year.
Government of Morocco country is focusing on agriculture sector through its "Green Morocco Plan" and “Agricultural Development Fund”. Has a further verification of this focus, the 2021 budget of the Ministry of Agriculture has been enhanced by 14% (to MAD 14.8 billion). Nevertheless, the agriculture sector has been severely affected in 2020 by the outbreak of the Corona-Virus pandemic, as well as by an abnormally dry winter. As a result, the production of the three main grains (durum wheat, soft wheat, barley) is expected to have decreased by 39% compared to the previous year.
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